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It is thought that parents should be punished for their children's law-breaking actions due to their parental responsibility in the upbringing of their children. I partly agree with this viewpoint because holding parents accountable in such cases may sometimes be unjust.

On the one hand, holding parents accountable for their children's actions be beneficial in several ways. To elaborate, as parents are usually responsible for the upbringing of their children, it would be fair to attribute what their children do to parents. Thus, implementing punishments for parents rather than their children would be fair when their child breaks the law. Additionally, doing so can encourage parents fulfill their parental duties, thereby providing their children with proper parental guidance. This can help them nurture more responsible and law-abiding children, which is the ultimate goal of punishing people for their wrongdoings.

On the other hand, there are certain reasons why children themselves need to be punished for their unlawful actions rather than their parents. Firstly, children are distinct individuals from their parents, which means they themselves need to bear responsibility for what they do. Secondly, children may be involved in law-breaking activities for various reasons beyond parents can control. More precisely, various factors, such as socio-economic background, mental health issues, and even peer influence, may contribute to the behavior of children, potentially leading to breaking the law.

In conclusion, due to their parental responsibility, punishing parents for their children's wrongdoings can be fair and even prevent parental negligence, forcing them to guide their children in a proper way. However, blaming parents for what their children do may also be unjust. This is because, as individuals, children themselves should also be held accountable for their actions, and different factors unrelated to parental upbringing, can make children break the law.

The two maps illustrates how the layout of a museum was in 1998 and after being redeveloped in 2008. Overall, the museum became more visitor-friendly after the changes done to the layout of the museum with the expansion and addition of certain facilities.

In 1998, there were almost no facilities for the museum's visitors. The most prominent part of the layout was probably the central garden with permanent exhibition rooms to the right and left of it and a cafe to its above. Entrance/exit was located to the bottom of the garden, and tickets were also sold there. While temporary exhibition room was situated to the left of the entrance/exit, WC with with a space for bags and coats and a shop could be found to the right of the entrance/exit.

Following redevelopment, in 2008, there were some structural changes in the layout with more facilities. While the central garden did not change its location, it was reduced in size to to the expansion of a cafe to include a sitting area inside the garden, and WC was also relocated to the right of the cafe. The inclusion of fountains in the garden was the next change done inside it. To the upper left corner of the layout, a new restaurant was built, and the temporary exhibition room was relocated to below this restaurant. It was also notable that a dedicated area was made for bags and coats to the bottom corner with the shop next to it, both of which were relocated. The area for entrance/exit and tickets remained unchanged, while to the next of it was transformed into permanent exhibition rooms, enlarging the previous one to the right of the garden.

In some cities, people prefer riding bicycles rather than drive cars. In some other cities, people choose to drive cars rather than ride bicycles. What are the reasons for their preferences? Which one do you think is a better development?

Humans rely on various transport means to reach their destinations for centuries. Nowadays, there is a growing trend of riding a bicycle rather than one's own private car in some cities, while a personal car is still more preferable for people in some cities. In my view, people's transport-related preferences can be affected by several factors, and the trend of riding a bicycle is potentially the better one for today's society.

On the one hand, the reason why bike-riding is common in some cities can be related to how much environmentally conscious the populations in these cities are. In the era of climate change, cars are considered as one of the major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This is because majority of cars we drive are traditional ones which rely on fossil fuels despite the ubiquity of electric vehicles. Therefore, people's awareness about environmental issues can encourage people to follow the cycling culture, because bike-riding is environmentally-friendly. For example, statistically, people in European countries, such as Denmark and Netherlands, are well aware of the environmental challenges, which incentivized them to develop a strong bike-riding culture.

On the other hand, the condition of roads can be a contributing factor to a growing car culture in some cities. More specifically, road infrastructure in some cities is not cycling-friendly, which leaves the people there with a single option of riding their private cars. For example, not having good cyclist infrastructure, including special bike paths, discourage the population of Tashkent from riding a bicycle according to surveys conducted there. This shows how critical city infrastructure can be in promoting private car usage.

However, I firmly believe that the culture of bike-riding can be more advantageous that that of private car driving. Undoubtedly, many people usually lead physically inactive lifestyles these days because of the conveniences modern world offers. For instance, in the US, many people spend 80% of their work hours for sedentary activities, which potentially leads to some health issues such as obesity. In contrast, if bike-riding becomes popular, this can be a physical exercise among people's daily activities. Hence, bike-riding can make a significant change in the lives of people having sedentary lifestyle.

In conclusion, people's environmental consciousness can be the main factor behind the culture of cycling in some cities, while road infrastructure can be the cause which do not allow for bike-riding and lead to the only option of driving a personal car in some. Nonetheless, I contend that cycling culture can guarantee certain benefits, especially in terms of making people physically active.

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If some people get a chance to choose between life without work and spending most of the time working, then they would choose not to work.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with these people?

It has become common to encounter some content on the Internet that encourages people to lead a life without work and enjoy their lives by doing whatever they want. There is also a viewthat people opt for a life without any job responsibilities if given such a chance. I totally disagree with this viewpoint because each person's job can play an essential role in their lives for several reasons.

Firstly, life without work can mean life without purpose. Due to our job responsibilities, we are usually urged to achieve different goals during our lives, even if there are challenges on the way. For instance, many teachers are dedicated towards their professions despite their law salary and difficulties they face. This is because they usually find immense fulfillment after seeing the results of their students, ensuring their contribution to societal development. This means that people with jobs can have a life with meaningful goals in it.

Secondly, people's jobs enable them to reach financial independence. It is undoubted that many people cannot ensure their financial security without income that constantly comes from their jobs. For example, in Uzbekistan, more than 90% of the population rely on their jobs for their livelihoods. This is the reason why having a job is crucial for people to meet their financial needs.

Thirdly, our work can serve as a platform for social interaction which is pivotal not to feel isolated and disconnected from society. As we spend quite substantial time together with our colleagues, they become our friends, even our extended family. Studies also proven that many people find their jobs as the source of social connection with others. This explains how vital our jobs are in bonding relationships with others.

In conclusion, imagining work-free life would be unrealistic as our jobs hold special importance in different aspects of life. Among many benefits of our respective jobs, the structured and purposeful life, financial stability, and bonding social connections with others can be the main ones we derive from them.

The pie charts compare the proportion of the energy generated from various sources in a country in 1985 and 2003. Overall, the most significant proportion of the energy produced from oil, and a country turned the least to renewable energy sources and hydrogen in terms of energy production in both years.

In 1985, a country relied mostly on oil, nuclear energy, and natural gas as the source of energy. They were oil with 52%, nuclear energy with 22%, and natural gas with 13%. Coal came to fourth with 8%, while 4% of the energy deprived from nuclear and only 1% from renewable energy sources.

By 2003, a country was still dependent on unsustainable energy sources as the main energy resource. While the dependency on oil reduced to 39%, the figure for natural gas increased noticeably to 23%, taking over that of nuclear energy. It was also seen that the proportion of energy produced from nuclear energy sources declined to 17%. However, there was an upward tendency in the percentage of energy produced from green energy sources, reaching 4%. The figure for hydrogen was the only one which remained unchanged at 4%.

Children spend a lot of time watching TV and playing computer games. Some people think it does not develop their mental abilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 
In the modern era, young people, particularly children, are considered the most active users of the latest technologies and inventions. These also include watching television and playing computer games for quite a long time. Hence, some people are concerned that spending many hours playing computer games and watching TV may inhibit the mental development of children. I rather think that doing so can have positive effects on the cognitive development of children for several reasons.
 
Firstly, television programs can help children learn and understand new concepts. More specifically, in recent years, TV companies have started incorporating educational content into their shows, such as different documentaries and educational shows. For example, in Uzbekistan, there are several television companies that constantly stream such shows and challenge children's knowledge by asking children different questions and giving answers afterwards. This demonstrates that such TV programs can be beneficial for the cognitive development of children, expanding their knowledge in different aspects of life.
 
Secondly, playing computer games can guarantee various benefits that are hard to obtain in other ways. While playing computer games, children are usually required to have strategic thinking, planning, and quick decision-making, all of which can lead to increased spatial awareness and logical reasoning depending on the situation. Studies have also shown that children playing shooter games can make decisions twice as fast as those who do not do this, as they need to focus on the position of other players and make quick decisions at the same time. This is the reason why playing computer games can be advantageous for the mental development of children.
 
Thirdly, both TV programs and computer games can be especially helpful for children, as they are visual learners. In a traditional way of teaching, children are expected to learn different concepts by reading books and attending lessons, which may seem quite boring for children. Hence, as both computer games and TV shows are usually visually appealing and engaging, they can enable children to gain new understandings in interactive and engaging ways.
 
In conclusion, although some people consider spending many hours watching TV and playing computer games may be detrimental for the cognitive development of children, I contend that these two can enable us to foster a love of learning in children. This is because these two modern inventions can provide us with informative content, challenging tasks to cultivate problem-solving skills, and most importantly, an engaging way of learning.

▎Lexical Breakdown with Definitions

▎1. Topic Introduction

• Educational Performance: The measure of how well a student is achieving in their academic studies.

• Importance: The state or fact of being of great significance or value.

• Educational Success: The achievement of educational goals, such as mastering subjects or obtaining degrees.

• Good Teacher: An educator who effectively facilitates learning and inspires students.

• Attitude: A settled way of thinking or feeling about something, often reflected in behavior.

• Motivation: The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way, especially in the context of learning.

▎2. Thesis Statement

• Essential Role: A crucial part that is necessary for something to function or succeed.

• Academic Success: Achieving desired educational outcomes, such as high grades or understanding of material.

• Passionate Teachers: Educators who are deeply enthusiastic and committed to teaching and student development.

• Helping Students Achieve: Supporting learners in reaching their educational goals.

▎3. First Argument: Teacher's Knowledge

• Contributing Factor: An element that plays a part in bringing about a result.

• Successful Educational Performance: Achieving positive outcomes in an academic setting.

• Expand Knowledge: To increase understanding or awareness of a subject.

• Gain New Understandings: To acquire new insights or perspectives on a topic.

• Sufficient Proficiency: Adequate skill or competence in a particular area.

• Respective Subjects: Specific areas of study that are relevant to the context.

• Fail to Teach: To be unable to impart knowledge effectively.

• Offer What Students Seek: To provide the information or skills that learners desire.

▎4. Second Argument: Student's Determination

• Determination: Firmness of purpose; the quality of being resolute in achieving goals.

• Resilience: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

• Educational Success: Achieving desired learning outcomes.

• Skilled and Professional: Having expertise and competence in a particular field.

• Actively Engage: To participate fully and energetically in an activity.

• Innate Curiosity: A natural desire to learn or know about something.

▎5. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• In My Opinion: A phrase used to indicate personal beliefs or thoughts.

• More Important Role: A greater significance in contributing to an outcome.

• Intellectual Drive: A strong motivation to seek knowledge and understanding.

• Transformative Power: The ability to bring about significant change or transformation.

• Ignite Curiosity: To spark interest and a desire to learn more.

• Invaluable Guidance: Extremely useful advice or direction that is difficult to quantify in terms of value.

▎6. Conclusion

• Intrinsically Motivated: Driven by internal factors rather than external rewards; having a natural desire to learn.

• Academic Achievements: Accomplishments related to education, such as grades, awards, or degrees.

• Teachers' Expertise: The specialized knowledge and skills that educators possess.

• Foster a Love of Learning: To encourage and cultivate an enduring interest in acquiring knowledge.

• Pave the Way for Success: To create conditions that facilitate achieving favorable outcomes.

In recent decades, educational performance of students has become more important than ever before in human history with some relating educational success of a students solely to having a good teacher, while others consider having a good attitude and feeling motivated towards studying more important. Despite the essential role of a student's own attitude in their academic success, I firmly believe that passionate teachers matter more in helping students achieve their academic goals.

On the one hand, a teacher's knowledge can be a contributing factor to a successful educational performance of a student. More precisely, students attend lessons to expand their knowledge and gain new understandings in different matters, requiring teachers having sufficient proficiency in their respective subjects. Otherwise, teachers may fail to teach their students as they cannot offer what students often seek.

On the other hand, a student's determination and resilience can also contribute to educational success of them. However skilled and professional teachers may be, they cannot force students to actively engage in lessons. This means that students cannot attain their educational pursuits, if they themselves do not have innate curiosity towards their education.

However, in my opinion, teachers can play more important role in securing the educational success of their students. While a student's own intellectual drive and passion can be a determining factor behind their successful performance, teachers have the transformative power to ignite curiosity and provide invaluable guidance for their students. In other words, effective educators usually know how to encourage their students to persist through challenges they face while studying.

In conclusion, it should be acknowledged that being intrinsically motivated can be critical for students' academic achievements. Nonetheless, I contend that teachers' expertise and their valuable ability to foster a love of learning can pave the way for a successful and fulfilling learning.