📖 Dars #172 Ingliz tilida by va until (till) so'zlarining qo'llanishi
1️⃣ by - -gacha degan ma'noda ish-harakat qaysi vaqtga borib (kun/oy/yil) bajarilishi yoki tugashini bildiradi.
🔸 I sent the documents today, so they should arrive by Monday. (... dushanbagacha yetib kelishi kerak)
🔸 We’d better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o’clock. (beshgacha uyda bo'lishimiz kerak)
🔸 Where’s Sarah? She should be here by now.
2️⃣ until (till) - -gacha degan ma'noda ish-harakat qaysi vaqtgacha (kun/oy/yil) davom etishini bildiradi.
🔸A: Shall we go now?
B: No, let’s wait until it stops raining.
🔸I was very tired this morning. I stayed in bed until half past ten. (o'n yarimgacha yotoqda qoldim)
yoki I didn’t get up until half past ten.(o'n yarimgacha o'rnimdan turmadim)
⚖️ by va until ni qiyoslaymiz.
▪️ until kelajakda biror vaqtgacha davom etadigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
🔸 Joe will be away until Monday. (... dushanbagacha uzoqda bo'ladi)
🔸 I’ll be working until 11.30. (11:30 gacha ishim davom etadi va men 11:30 da ishimni tugataman)
▪️ by kelajakda biror vaqtgacha sodir bo'ladigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
🔸Joe will be back by Monday. (Jo dushanbagacha qaytib keladi)
🔸I’ll have finished my work by 11.30. (Men ishimni soat 11:30 gacha tugataman)
3️⃣ by the time - '-gacha, ushbu vaqtgacha' birikmasi ingliz tilida bog'lovchi sifatida ishlatiladi. Bu bog'lovchidan keyin ish-harakat kelajak zamonda bo'lsa ham, hozirgi zamon qolipida ishlatiladi. (by the time something happens)
🔸It’s too late to go to the bank now. By the time we get there, it will be closed.
🔸You’ll need plenty of time at the airport. By the time you check in and go through security, it will be time for your flight.
🔸Hurry up! By the time we get to the cinema, the film will already have started.
4️⃣ by the time bog'lovchisi o'tgan zamonda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Unda mazkur bog'lovchidan keyin oddiy o'tgan zamon, ikkinchi gapda esa odatda uzoq o'tgan zamon (Past perfect simple or continuous) ishlatiladi.
🔸 Karen’s car broke down on the way to the party last night. By the time she arrived, most of the other guests had left.
🔸We went to the cinema last night. It took us a long time to find somewhere to park the car. By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already started.
🔸I had a lot of work to do yesterday evening. I was very tired by the time I finished.
5️⃣ by then yoki by that time birikmalari o'zidan oldingi paytga ishora qiladi va 'ushbu vaqtgacha' deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔸Karen finally got to the party at midnight, but by then most of the other guests had left .
yoki … but by that time, most of the other guests had left.
❤️If you want to do some good to your friends 👉 just share this post @grammarnotes #2025 #newlessons
🔗 Kanalga qo'shiling 👇https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA
1️⃣ by - -gacha degan ma'noda ish-harakat qaysi vaqtga borib (kun/oy/yil) bajarilishi yoki tugashini bildiradi.
🔸 I sent the documents today, so they should arrive by Monday. (... dushanbagacha yetib kelishi kerak)
🔸 We’d better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o’clock. (beshgacha uyda bo'lishimiz kerak)
🔸 Where’s Sarah? She should be here by now.
2️⃣ until (till) - -gacha degan ma'noda ish-harakat qaysi vaqtgacha (kun/oy/yil) davom etishini bildiradi.
🔸A: Shall we go now?
B: No, let’s wait until it stops raining.
🔸I was very tired this morning. I stayed in bed until half past ten. (o'n yarimgacha yotoqda qoldim)
yoki I didn’t get up until half past ten.(o'n yarimgacha o'rnimdan turmadim)
⚖️ by va until ni qiyoslaymiz.
▪️ until kelajakda biror vaqtgacha davom etadigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
🔸 Joe will be away until Monday. (... dushanbagacha uzoqda bo'ladi)
🔸 I’ll be working until 11.30. (11:30 gacha ishim davom etadi va men 11:30 da ishimni tugataman)
▪️ by kelajakda biror vaqtgacha sodir bo'ladigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
🔸Joe will be back by Monday. (Jo dushanbagacha qaytib keladi)
🔸I’ll have finished my work by 11.30. (Men ishimni soat 11:30 gacha tugataman)
3️⃣ by the time - '-gacha, ushbu vaqtgacha' birikmasi ingliz tilida bog'lovchi sifatida ishlatiladi. Bu bog'lovchidan keyin ish-harakat kelajak zamonda bo'lsa ham, hozirgi zamon qolipida ishlatiladi. (by the time something happens)
🔸It’s too late to go to the bank now. By the time we get there, it will be closed.
🔸You’ll need plenty of time at the airport. By the time you check in and go through security, it will be time for your flight.
🔸Hurry up! By the time we get to the cinema, the film will already have started.
4️⃣ by the time bog'lovchisi o'tgan zamonda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Unda mazkur bog'lovchidan keyin oddiy o'tgan zamon, ikkinchi gapda esa odatda uzoq o'tgan zamon (Past perfect simple or continuous) ishlatiladi.
🔸 Karen’s car broke down on the way to the party last night. By the time she arrived, most of the other guests had left.
🔸We went to the cinema last night. It took us a long time to find somewhere to park the car. By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already started.
🔸I had a lot of work to do yesterday evening. I was very tired by the time I finished.
5️⃣ by then yoki by that time birikmalari o'zidan oldingi paytga ishora qiladi va 'ushbu vaqtgacha' deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔸Karen finally got to the party at midnight, but by then most of the other guests had left .
yoki … but by that time, most of the other guests had left.
❤️If you want to do some good to your friends 👉 just share this post @grammarnotes #2025 #newlessons
🔗 Kanalga qo'shiling 👇https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFe2P5bFTJKJKkwvyA