Grammar Notes

Diqqat! Diqqat!
Siz kutgan kanal🤩🤩🤩

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Bunda biz sizga yordam beramiz.

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📖Dars #57 if only qatnashgan gaplar (noreal vaziyatlar uchun)

▪️Noreal vaziyatlarni wish qurilmasidan tashqari if only bog’lovchisi yordamida ham ifodalash mumkin. Bunda norozilik, shikoyat ma'nolari yanada kuchayadi.
1️⃣ Hozirgi zamon uchun qurilmasi:
▪️If only+Ega+ Past Simple (yoki could)
🔸If only he were here now! (Qaniydi u bu yerda boʻlsa!)
🔸If only you could cook! (Qaniydi sen ovqat qila olsang)

2️⃣O'tgan zamon uchun qurilmasi:
▪️If only+Ega+ Past perfect simple (yoki could have +V3(ed)
🔸If only I had saved some money! (Qaniydi, biroz pul yig'ib qoʻygan boʻlsaydim!)
🔸If only I hadn't been so rude to her yesterday!

3️⃣Hozirgi yoki kelajak zamonda birov biror ish bajarishini yoki biror narsa oʻzgarishini xohlasak, quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi.
▪️If only+Ega+ would+V1
🔸If only you would bring that book! (Qaniydi anavi kitobni olib kelsang!)
🔸If only you wouldn't drive so fast! (=you are driving very fast)

⚠️ Mazkur holatlar hammasi haqiqatga teskari, hayoliy vaziyat bo'lgani uchun haqiqatda vaziyat boshqacha bo'lgan bo'ladi.
🔸If only I hadn't been so rude to her yesterday! (Qaniydi unga kecha qo'pol munosabatda bo'lmasaydim - lekin kecha uni hafa qilganman)

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📖Dars #56 wish fe'li bilan ishlatiladigan qurilmalar (noreal vaziyatlar uchun)

✳️ Ingliz tilida bu qurilma ham haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan vaziyatlar uchun qoʻllanadi. Oʻzbek tiliga 'Qaniydi...' deb tarjima qilish maqsadga mufoviq. Odatda hozirgi zamondagi istak, vaziyatdan nolish, oʻtgan zamonda esa pushaymonlik yoki amalga oshmagan istaklarni ifodalash uchun qoʻllanadi.

1️⃣ Hozirgi zamon uchun qurilmasi quyidagicha, bu gap bilan ifodalangan mazmun va haqiqiy vaziyat teskari bo'ladi:
▪️EGA+ wish(es) (that) Ega+Past Simple tense (could+V1)
🔸I wish (that) he were here now. (Qaniydi, u bu yerda boʻlsa…. afsuski u bu yerda emas.)
🔸I wish (that) I had an umbrella now. (=but I haven't an umbrella now)
🔸He wishes (that) he didn't have to work. (=but he has to work)
🔸She wishes (that) she lived nearer to her work. (=she doesn't live near)

2️⃣ Oʻtgan zamon uchuni qurilmasi quyidagicha:
▪️EGA+ wishes/wish/(ed) (that) Ega+Past Perfect tense
🔸I wish (that) I hadn't been so rude to her yesterday. (Qaniydi, unga kecha qoʻpol munosabatda boʻlmasaydim…qilgan ishimdan pushaymonman.)
🔸They wish (that) they hadn't bought that car.(=they bought that car and regret buying it)
🔸I wished (that) he had been with us then. (=he wasn't with us then)
🔸Sue wished (that) Tom had come to the party. (=Tom didn't come)

⚠️wish fe'lining oʻzi qaysi zamonda turganining farqi yoq, ya'ni hozirgi zamonda turib ham oʻtgan zamondagi vaziyatlar uchun ham qoʻllana oladi.
🔸They wish (hozirgi zamonda) they hadn't bought that car.

3️⃣ Agar hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonda birov biror-ish qilishini yoki biror narsa oʻzgarishini xohlasak, quyidagi qurilmani qoʻllaymiz. Ammo bu xohishimiz haqiqatdan yiroq, ya'ni amalga oshmaydi.
▪️EGA+wishes/wish/(ed) (that) Ega+ would+V1
🔸It's raining cats and dogs and I can't go out. I wish (that) it would stop raining. (Yomg'ir qattiq yog'ayapti va men tashqariga chiqolmayman. Qaniydi yomg'ir yog'ishdan toʻxtasa…lekin toʻxtash ehtimoli yoʻq)
🔸He wishes (that) his parents would buy him a car. (=they won't buy him a car)
🔸I wish (that) you wouldn't drive so fast. (=you are driving fast)

✳️ Yuqoridagi holatlarda vaziyatdan norozilik, shikoyat qilish ma'nosi bor va biz vaziyatni oʻzgarishini xohlaymiz, shuning uchun I wish I would qurilmasi bunday vaziyatda qoʻllanilmaydi.

⚠️ 'wish' fe'li oddiy fe'l sifatida ishlatilganda (istamoq, tilamoq) ‘wish somebody luck / all the best / success' qurilmasida keng qo'llaniladi.
🔸I wish you all the best in the future.
🔸I saw Mark before the exam and he wished me luck.

⚠️ I wish and I hope gaplaridan keyin qanday qurilma kelishini qiyoslang:
🔸I wish you a pleasant stay at this hotel. (wish+to'ldiruvchi+to'ldiruvchi)
🔸I hope you enjoy your stay at this hotel. (hope+gap)

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📖Dars #55 Zero Conditional (Nolinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Mavzu nomi o'zbek tilida sal g'alati o'qilishi mumkin, ya'ni nolinchi toifadagi shart ergash gap o'zi umuman mavjud emas. Lekin agar mantiq bilan qarasa, bu yerda ma'no bor, bunday shart gaplarda deyarli shartlilik tushunchasi bo'lmaydi, ya'ni shartlilik nol darajada. Ushbu toifadagi gaplarda sodir bo'lishi odatiy yoki tabiiy boʻlgan ish-harakatlar yoritiladi. Qoʻshma gapning ikkala qismida ham oddiy hozirgi zamon - Present Simple tense qatnashadi.
▪️Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Present simple tense, EGA + Present simple tense

🔸If you heat ice, it melts. (Siz muzni isitsangiz, u eriydi - tabiiy hodisa)
🔸If I stay out late, I always get a taxi home. (Men ko'chada kech qolib ketsam, har doim taxida uyga kelaman - odat)
🔸If I have money, I buy sweets.

✳️ Mavzudan ham koʻrinayapdiki, bu gaplarda shart ma'nosi boʻlmaydi va if bog'lovchisini when yoki each time soʻzlari bilan almashtirsa ham ma'no o'zgarmaydi.
🔸When you heat ice, it melts.
🔸Each time I stay out late, I always get a taxi home.

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⚡️10 minutdan keyin dars boshlanadi

📖Dars #53 Second Conditional (Ikkinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Hozirgi yoki kelajak zamonda haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Shartning noreal ekanligini koʻrsatish uchun vaziyat hozirgi zamonga taalluqli boʻlsa ham, if qatnashgan gap oʻtgan zamonlarning birida ifodalanadi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Past Simple Tense, EGA + would/should+V1 (oddiy o'tgan kelasi zamon)
🔸If we had more money, we would buy a BMW. ( Pulimiz ko'proq bo'lganida, BMW sotib olgan bo'lardik )
🔸If it weren't raining, we would go on a picnic.

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda o'tgan davomiy zamon (Past continuous) yoki (could) modal fe'li ham qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa o'tgan zamon ma'nosidagi (could/might) modal fe'llari bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If we had more money, we could go out more often. (Pulimiz ko'proq bolganida, aylanishga tez-tez chiqqan bo'lardik)
🔸 If you asked Tony, he might do it for you.
🔸 If I were you, I wouldn't go there. (Sizning o'rningizda bo'lganimda, u yerga bormagan bo'lardim)

✳️ Yuqoridagi gaplarda if qatnashgan gap tarkibida hozirgi zamon payt ravishlari (now/at the moment/every day) boʻlsa ham, noreal vaziyat boʻlgani uchun oʻtgan zamon qoʻllaniladi.
🔸If he were here now, he would show us the city.

💡Bundan tashqari, mazkur if qatnashgan gap turida I/he/she/it shaxslari va birlikdagi ega bilan to be fe'lining were shakli qoʻllanilgani ma'qul. English Grammar In Use kitobida bunday vaziyatlarda was fe'li ham qoʻllana olishi mumkinligini inkor etmagan holda, DTM tomonidan tuziladigan testlarda were fe'li qoʻllanishini ta'kidlab oʻtamiz.
🔸If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

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📖Dars #52 First Conditional (Birinchi toifadagi shart ergash gaplar)

✳️ Mazkur turdagi gaplar if qatnashgan gap tarkibidagi shart amalga oshsa, kelajakda sodir boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi.
✳️ Odatiy qurilmasi:
▫️IF + Present Simple Tense, EGA + will/shall+V1 (oddiy kelasi zamon)
🔸If he passes his exam, he will get a place at university. ( Agar u imtihondan oʻtsa, universitetga qabul qilinadi.)
🔸If it doesn't rain, we will go on a picnic.

💡Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda hozirgi zamonlardan xohlagan biri qo'llanishi mumkin, asosiy gapda esa xohlagan kelajakni bildiruvchi zamon yoki modal fe'llar bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If you're coming out with us tonight, you will need to be ready by 7 oʻclock.
🔸If you have finished your homework, you may/can go home. (Agar uy vazifasini tugatgan boʻlsangiz, uyga ketishingiz mumkin.)

✳️ Shuningdek, mazkur toifadagi shart ergash gaplarda hokim gap buyruq gap shaklida ham bo'lishi mumkin.
🔸If you are ready, get your things and go back home.

✳️ Yuqoridagi misollarda gapning mazmuniga koʻra, asosiy gapdagi ish-harakatlar kelajakda haqiqatda sodir boʻlishi mumkin, shuning uchun ham first conditional - haqiqatga toʻg'ri keladigan vaziyatlar uchun qo'llaniladi.

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📖Dars #51 if va wish qatnashgan gaplar (kirish darsi)

✳️ Ingliz tilida shartli gaplar (shart ergash gaplar) alohida mavzu sifatida o'tiladi. Biz ularni oddiy til bilan if'li gaplar deymiz, chunki bu gaplarda har doim if... - agar... deb boshlanadigan gap bo'ladi.
✳️ If bog'lovchisi qatnashgan shartli gaplarni guruhlarga boʻlib oʻrganish tavsiya qilinadi. Qavs ichida bu gaplarning real (haqiqatga toʻg'ri keladigan) va noreal (haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan) vaziyatlar uchun qoʻllanishi berilgan.
1️⃣ First Conditional (real)
2️⃣ Second Conditional (unreal)
3️⃣ Third Conditional (unreal)
4️⃣ Zero Conditional (real)
5️⃣ Mixed Conditional (usually unreal)
6️⃣ Implied Conditional (real/unreal)
7️⃣ wish gaplar (unreal)
8️⃣ If only kelgan gaplar (unreal)

▪️Misollar:
🔸If it doesn't rain, we will go on a picnic. (Agar yomg'ir yog'masa, biz sayrga chiqamiz - real, bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ish-harakat)
🔸If we had more money, we would go out more often. (Agar bizning pulimiz ko'p bo'lganida, biz aylanishga tez-tez chiqardik - noreal vaziyat, ya'ni hozir bizning pulimiz ko'p emas)

💡Shart ergash gaplar ikkita qismdan tashkil topadi: asosiy gap va if qatnashgan gap. Tilshunoslik atamalari bilan ifoda qiladigan boʻlsak, bunday gaplarda if qatnashgan gap - ergash gap, asosiy ish-harakat ifodalangan gap - hokim gap deb yuritiladi.
🔸If Sharon passes the exam (ergash gap), she will be admitted to the university (hokim gap).

✳️ Mazkur mavzu bo'yicha testlarni yechishda asosiy gapdagi zamonga qarab if qatnashgan gap zamonini topish yoki teskarisi so'raladi, shuning uchun ham ushbu mavzuni oʻrganishda qo'shma gap qurilmalarga alohida e'tibor bilan qarash lozim.
🔸If I were you, I would put on warmer clothes. (Bu yerda If gapda o'tgan zamon bo'lgani uchun, asosiy gapda would+V1 qurilmasi ishlatilgan)
🔸She would have come to the party if we had invited her. (Bu yerda If gapda uzoq o'tgan zamon bo'lgani uchun, asosiy gapda wouldhave V3(ed) qurilmasi ishlatilgan)

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📖Dars #50 to be fe'lining modal m'anoda qo'llanishi

✳️ to be fe'li hozirgi va kelasi zamonda fe'lning infinitiv shakli bilan qoʻllanilib, modal ma'noga ega boʻladi. Bunday qurilma hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonda oldindan belgilangan kelishuv yoki rejaga bog'liq boʻlgan majburiyatni bildiradi.
▪️I am to +V1
▪️He/she/it is to+V1
▪️We/you/they are to+V1

🔸They are to begin this work at once. (Ular ishni darhol boshlashlari kerak.)
🔸He is to come at 12.30 oʻclock. (U oʻn ikki yarimda kelishi kerak.)

▪️Oʻtgan zamonda esa oldindan kelishilgan ish-harakat amalga oshishi kerak boʻlganini bildiradi. Ish-harakat amalga oshgan yoki oshmaganligi gapning mazmunidan ma'lum boʻladi.
▪️I was to+V1
▪️He/she/it was to+V1
▪️We/you/they were to+V1

🔸I was to send him a telegram but I forgot. (Men unga xat joʻnatishim kerak edi, ammo esimdan chiqibdi.)
🔸They were to come here at 12.30. (Ular bu yerga oʻn ikki yarimda kelishlari kerak edi.)

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❗️7 minutga darsimizni boshlaymiz

4️⃣4️⃣4️⃣ 10-noyabr Yakshanba kuni soat 20:00da Grammarway 4 darsligi asosida 8-darsimiz bo'lib o'tadi.
#grammarway4

📋 Mavzu: The infinitive/the -ing form (continued)

📍 Lesson 1 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 2 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 3 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 4 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 5 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 6 video darsiga havola
📍 Lesson 7 video darsiga havola


📋 Grammarway 3 darsligining to'liq 37 ta video darslarga havola shu yerda.

👏 Kanal asoschisiga minnatdorlik bildirish uchun shu yerga bosing.

📖Dars #49 dare fe'lining qo'llanishi

✳️ Ingliz tilida biroz eskirgan dare modal fe’li ham mavjud boʻlib, dare+infinitiv - jur’at qilmoq ma'nosida darak gaplarda, daren’t+infinitiv – jur’at qilolmaslik degan ma’noda inkor gaplarda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸No one dare go there. (U yerga borishga hech kim jur'at qilolmaydi)
🔸I daren't think how much it's going to cost. (Buni qancha turishini o'ylashga jur'at qilolmayman - juda qimmat turadi degan ma'noda)

✳️ Og’zaki nutqda Qanday jur’at qilding … ? degan ma’noda how dare you +infinitiv…? iborasi birovning ish-harakatidan jahlimiz chiqqanida qoʻllaniladi.
🔸How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations! (Telefonni ko'tarib, mening suhbatimni eshitishga qanday hadding sig'di?)

⚠️Mazkur iborani yana How can you … ? muqobili ham boʻlib kuchli hayratlanishni bildiradi.
🔸How can you say such a thing? (Qanday qilib bu narsani ayta olding?)
🔸How can you expect me to believe your promises?

✳️ Ingliz tilida dare fe’li bilan I dare say iborasi menimcha (=I suppose) degan ma’noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I dare say that the computer would provide a clear answer to that. (Menimcha kompyuter bunga aniq javob topib bersa kerak.)

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