IELTS/MULTILEVELWITH mrSHAMSHODBEK

25. Global workforce – Employees from different parts of the world working for the same company.
Example: Multinational companies rely on a global workforce to remain competitive.

26. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) – Companies' efforts to address social and environmental issues.
Example: Many multinationals engage in corporate social responsibility to improve their public image.

27. Offshoring – Moving a company’s operations to another country to reduce costs.
Example: The company saved money by offshoring its manufacturing to Southeast Asia.

28. Brand globalization – The process of making a brand recognized worldwide.
Example: Apple’s success is a prime example of brand globalization.

29. Market dominance – The ability of a company to control a large share of the market.
Example: Amazon has achieved market dominance in e-commerce.

30. Economic inequality – The unequal distribution of wealth and income within or between countries.
Example: Critics argue that globalization exacerbates economic inequality in developing nations.

Additional Vocabulary

31. Outsourced labor – Jobs performed in another country for lower costs.
Example: Many companies rely on outsourced labor to remain competitive.

32. Global supply chain – The worldwide network involved in producing and delivering goods.
Example: Disruptions in the global supply chain affected product availability.

33. Environmental impact – The effect of human activities on the natural environment.
Example: Global trade often increases the environmental impact due to transportation emissions.

34. Cultural imperialism – The dominance of one culture over others due to globalization.
Example: Some believe globalization leads to cultural imperialism by promoting Western ideals.

35. Protectionism – Policies aimed at protecting domestic industries from foreign competition.
Example: Governments often resort to protectionism during economic downturn.

Topic-specific vocabulary words and phrases for Globalization, with examples:

General Vocabulary

1. Globalization – The process of increasing interconnectedness between countries.
Example: Globalization has made international travel and communication easier.

2. Interdependence – The reliance of countries on one another for goods, services, and resources.
Example: Economic interdependence has grown due to global trade.

3. Free trade – International trade without restrictions or tariffs.
Example: The agreement promotes free trade between member countries.

4. Outsourcing – The practice of hiring external firms or workers to perform tasks.
Example: Many companies are outsourcing production to countries with lower labor costs.

5. Developed countries – Nations with advanced economies and high standards of living.
Example: Developed countries often benefit the most from globalization.

6. Developing countries – Nations with emerging economies and lower living standards.
Example: Developing countries see globalization as a way to grow their economies.

7. Emerging markets – Economies experiencing rapid growth and industrialization.
Example: India and Brazil are examples of emerging markets benefiting from globalization.

8. Global economy – The interconnected economies of nations worldwide.
Example: The pandemic had a profound impact on the global economy.

Effects of Global Trade

9. Import – Bringing goods or services into a country from abroad.
Example: The country relies heavily on the import of raw materials.

10. Export – Sending goods or services to another country for sale.
Example: Coffee is one of the country's largest exports.

11. Trade barriers – Restrictions on international trade, such as tariffs or quotas.
Example: Removing trade barriers can boost economic growth.

12. Supply chain – The network of resources and processes involved in producing goods.
Example: Global supply chains were disrupted during the pandemic.

13. Economic integration – The process of countries reducing barriers to trade and investment.
Example: The European Union is an example of economic integration.

14. Comparative advantage – The ability of a country to produce a good more efficiently than others.
Example: Countries with a comparative advantage in technology often dominate global markets.

15. Trade deficit – When a country imports more than it exports.
Example: The nation is addressing its growing trade deficit.

Cultural Exchange

16. Cultural diversity – The variety of different cultures within a society.
Example: Globalization has increased cultural diversity in major cities.

17. Cultural homogenization – The reduction of cultural differences due to globalization.
Example: Critics argue that cultural homogenization threatens traditional customs.

18. Cross-cultural communication – Interaction between people of different cultural backgrounds.
Example: Effective cross-cultural communication is essential for multinational companies.

19. Cultural exchange – The sharing of ideas, traditions, and practices between cultures.
Example: Student exchange programs promote cultural exchange among young people.

20. Cultural assimilation – The process by which a minority group adopts the dominant culture.
Example: Some fear that globalization leads to cultural assimilation and loss of identity.

21. Global citizenship – Recognizing oneself as part of a worldwide community.
Example: Globalization fosters the concept of global citizenship among younger generations.

22. Soft power – A country's ability to influence others through culture and values.
Example: Hollywood is an example of America’s soft power.

Multinational Companies

23. Multinational corporation (MNC) – A company that operates in multiple countries.
Example: Coca-Cola is a well-known multinational corporation.

24. Foreign investment – Investment made by a company or individual in another country.
Example: The government encourages foreign investment to boost the economy.

The diagram describes the natural process life cycle of sea turtles.

Overall, the cycle begins with hatching eggs and processing through several stages, including foraging and migration as well as diverse habitats over the years.

The cycle starts when eggs are laid in a nesting area near the seashore, after which the eggs undergo the process of incubation, taking almost 2-2,5 months. Once the eggs have been incubated, the young turtles called hatchlings appear. The hatchlings then go to the open ocean surface, after that the process termed as ‘’ lost years’’ begins and this lasts 5-20 years. In the ocean, they forage in order to feed and growth.

After they become mature, they migrate to coastal shallow water so as to forage, with the migration lasting 30-50 years. This coastal water serves as a ground that helps immature and adult turtle feed. Having been fully mature, adults move to mating areas located to shallow waters. However, adult females return to nesting areas to lay eggs. The males come back to their foraging areas during 2 weeks intervals, while their female counterparts return to mating areas periodically in the breeding season.

It was given as a hometask😁

My love for life drives me to constantly improve myself. I believe that life is a precious gift, and by growing and evolving, I can experience it to the fullest. This love fuels my curiosity, encourages me to embrace challenges, and pushes me to make the most of every opportunity. For me, self-improvement is a way to honor the beauty and potential that life offers.

What motivates you to work on yourself?

🤩🤩🤩🤩