#Grammar_time
🔖
Mavzu:
Direct and indirect (reported) speech
💡Ingliz tilida ham oʻzbek tilida boʻlgani kabi
koʻchirma gap (direct speech) va
oʻzlashtirma gaplar (indirect speech) mavjud boʻlib, soʻzlashuv va yozma nuqtda juda koʻp qoʻllaniladi.
💡
Koʻchirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini hech qanday oʻzgarishsiz, oʻz holicha yetkazadigan gapdir.
💡
Oʻzlashtirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini zamonga va shaxsga moslashtirib boshqa birovga yetkazadigan gapdir. Misol uchun quyidagi gapni koʻrib chiqamiz:
🔹️Tom said
'I am tired'.
(Tom said - muallif gapi, 'I am tired' -koʻchirma gap, Tomning aytgan gapi hech qanday oʻzgarishsiz berilgan.)
🔹️Tom said that
he was tired. (Tom said - muallif gapi, 'he was tired' - oʻzlashtirma gap, Tomning aytgan gapi zamonga va shaxsga qarab moshlashtirilgan)
💡Umumiy qoidaga koʻra, koʻchirma gapni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylashtirish uchun koʻchirma gapdagi
zamon bir zamon orqaga suriladi,
shaxs, olmosh va boshqa payt ravishlari oʻzgartiriladi.
💡Zamonlarning oʻzgarish tartibini koʻrib chiqamiz :
💡
Present Simple Tense -
Past Simple Tense
🔹️He said '
My mother
is a lawyer' - He said that
his mother
was a lawyer.
🔹️He said 'I
don't like coffee' He said that
he didn't like coffee.
💡
Present Continuous Tense -
Past Continuous Tense
🔹️He said '
I am having my hair cut
today' - He said that
he was having his hair cut
that day.
💡
Past Simple Tense -
Past Perfect Simple Tense
🔹️He said '
I started out as a teacher' - He said that
he had started out as a teacher.
💡
Past Continuous Tense - Past Perfect Continuous Tense
🔹️He said '
I was having a bath at five oʻclock
yesterday' - He said that
he had been having a bath at five oʻclock
the day before.
💡
Present Perfect Simple Tense - Past Perfect Simple Tense
🔹️He said '
I have passed my driving test.' - He said that he
had passed his driving test.
💡
Present Perfect Continuous Tense -
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
🔹️He said '
I have been having English lessons for a year.' - He said that
he had been having English lessons for a year.
💡Modal fe'llar va boshqa yordamchi fe'llar quyidagicha oʻzgaradi:
💡
will/shall - would/should
🔹️He said 'Tom
will win the match' - He said (that) Tom
would win the match.
💡
can - could
🔹️He said '
I can speak five languages' - He said (that)
he could speak five languages.
💡
must/have to/has to - had to
🔹️He said 'I
have to/must goʻ - He said (that) he
had to go.
💡
may - might
🔹️He said 'Tom
may win the match' - He said (that) Tom
might win the match.
💡Boshqa vaziyatlarda koʻchirma gapda qoʻllanilgan
might/could/should/would/ought to modal fe'llari oʻzgarmay qolgani ma'qul.
💡
must modal fe'li koʻchirma gapda majburiyatni bildirib kelgan paytlarda
had to modal fe'liga oʻzgarishi,
buyruq (talab) yoki
mantiqiy xulosani bildirib kelganda esa oʻzgarmasdan qolishi kerak.
🔹️He said 'I
must go now' (majburiyat) - He said that he
had to go then.
🔹️'You
must do your homework' said Father to his son.
(buyruq, talab) - Father said that
he must do his homework.
🔹️'You
must be tired,' Paul told Susan.
(mantiqiy xulosa) - Paul told Susan that she
must be tired.
➡️ ️
@ingliz_tiliuz