Speaking Part 1/2/3

Environment

1. 🌳 Deforestation – The large-scale removal of forests, often for agriculture or construction.
Ex: Deforestation contributes to habitat loss and increases carbon dioxide levels.
2. 🏭 Air pollution – The contamination of the atmosphere by harmful substances.
Ex: Industrial activities and vehicle emissions are major causes of air pollution.
3. 🐾 Biodiversity – The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
Ex: Protecting biodiversity is essential for maintaining balanced ecosystems.
4. 🌍 Climate change – Long-term shifts in weather patterns caused by human activities.
Ex: Climate change has led to rising sea levels and more extreme weather events.
5. 🔋 Renewable energy – Energy sources that are sustainable, like solar, wind, and hydropower.
Ex: Investing in renewable energy can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
6. 🚮 Waste management – The process of collecting, recycling, and disposing of waste materials.
Ex: Effective waste management helps reduce pollution and conserve resources.
7. 🌊 Water scarcity – The lack of sufficient water resources to meet demands.
Ex: Water scarcity affects many regions, especially in arid and drought-prone areas.
8. 🛢 Fossil fuels – Natural fuels like coal, oil, and gas formed from the remains of ancient organisms.
Ex: Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.
9. 🌾 Sustainable development – Development that meets current needs without harming future generations.
Ex: Sustainable development focuses on using resources responsibly to protect the environment.
10. 🔄 Recycling initiatives – Programs aimed at reusing materials to reduce waste.
Ex: Recycling initiatives can help lower landfill waste and conserve natural resources.

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Topic: Old people

1. What kinds of activities do old people like to do these days?
These days, old people enjoy activities that keep them physically active and mentally engaged. Many like to take daily walks in the park or join yoga classes for fitness. Additionally, hobbies like gardening, reading, and playing board games are popular because they are relaxing. Social activities, such as attending community events or spending time with family, are also common and help them stay connected.

2. What do people like to do when they are old?
When people are old, they often prefer activities that give them joy and peace. For example, some like to spend time with grandchildren, sharing stories and experiences. Others may focus on hobbies like painting, knitting, or traveling to places they have always wanted to see. Many also enjoy watching movies or listening to music, as these activities are both entertaining and calming.


15 Selected Words with Definitions

1. 🚶 Daily walks - Regular short walks taken every day.
Example: Many old people enjoy daily walks to stay active.
2. 🧘 Yoga - A practice that involves physical postures and breathing exercises.
Example: Yoga helps older people maintain flexibility and calm their minds.
3. 🌳 Gardening - The activity of growing plants, flowers, or vegetables.
Example: Gardening is a relaxing hobby for many older adults.
4. 📖 Reading - The act of looking at written words and understanding them.
Example: Reading keeps the mind sharp and entertained.
5. 🎲 Board games - Games like chess, checkers, or Scrabble played on a board.
Example: Playing board games helps older people engage with family members.
6. 🧶 Knitting - A craft involving creating fabric with needles and yarn.
Example: Knitting is a peaceful activity that many elderly people enjoy.
7. 🖼 Painting - The act of creating art with colors and a brush.
Example: Painting allows old people to express their creativity.
8. 🎤 Storytelling - Sharing stories or experiences with others.
Example: Storytelling helps grandparents bond with their grandchildren.
9. 🏡 Relaxing - Taking time to rest or do calming activities.
Example: Many older people enjoy relaxing at home with music or books.
10. 🌍 Traveling - Visiting new places for leisure or exploration.
Example: Traveling allows old people to fulfill their lifelong dreams.
11. 👪 Family time - Spending time with loved ones, especially family.
Example: Family time is very important for older people’s happiness.
12. 🎶 Listening to music - Enjoying songs or melodies.
Example: Listening to music is a great way for older adults to relax.
13. 🧩 Hobbies - Activities people do for fun and interest.
Example: Hobbies like gardening and knitting are popular among older people.
14. 🧠 Mentally engaged - Staying active and focused with the mind.
Example: Reading and playing games keep old people mentally engaged.
15. 🏞 Community events - Local activities where people gather together.
Example: Attending community events helps older people stay socially active.

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Health and Fitness

1. 🥗 Balanced diet – Eating a variety of foods in the right proportions for good health.
Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet is essential for preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
2. 🏃 Regular exercise – Physical activity performed consistently to maintain fitness.
Ex: Regular exercise helps improve cardiovascular health and boosts energy levels.
3. 💪 Physical fitness – The state of being physically healthy and strong.
Ex: Achieving physical fitness requires a combination of exercise and proper nutrition.
4. 🧘 Mental well-being – A positive state of mental and emotional health.
Ex: Meditation and relaxation techniques can improve mental well-being.
5. 🩺 Preventive care – Medical care aimed at preventing diseases rather than treating them.
Ex: Preventive care, like vaccinations and regular check-ups, can save lives.
6. 🚶 Sedentary lifestyle – A way of life with little or no physical activity.
Ex: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and other health problems.
7. 🍎 Nutritional value – The content of essential nutrients in food.
Ex: Foods with high nutritional value provide energy and support body functions.
8. ❤️ Cardiovascular health – The health of the heart and blood vessels.
Ex: Aerobic exercises like jogging or swimming are beneficial for cardiovascular health.
9. 🧪 Medical advancements – Progress in medical research and treatments.
Ex: Medical advancements have led to better treatments for chronic illnesses.
10. 🛌 Adequate rest – Getting enough sleep and relaxation to recover energy.
Ex: Adequate rest is crucial for physical recovery and maintaining concentration.

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Topic: Movies

1. What kinds of movies are popular (successful) in your country?
In my country, action and comedy movies are the most popular because they entertain a wide audience. People enjoy action films for their thrilling stunts and special effects. For instance, superhero movies like Marvel productions are huge hits. Comedy movies are also loved because they provide laughter and help people relax after a busy day.

2. Do people in your country still like to go to a cinema?
Yes, many people still enjoy going to the cinema because it offers a unique experience. Watching a movie on a big screen with high-quality sound creates an atmosphere that streaming at home can’t match. For example, blockbuster movies often attract crowds, as they are better enjoyed in cinemas with friends or family.

3. Where do people watch movies?
People watch movies in a variety of places, including cinemas, at home, or even on their smartphones. Many prefer streaming platforms like Netflix or Amazon Prime because they are convenient and affordable. However, others still enjoy going to theaters for a more immersive experience. Additionally, outdoor movie events have become popular during the summer.


15 Selected Words with Definitions

1. 🎬 Blockbuster - A very successful and popular movie.
Example: Blockbuster movies often attract large crowds to the cinema.
2. 😄 Comedy - A movie that is funny and makes people laugh.
Example: Comedies help people unwind after a stressful day.
3. ⚡️ Thrilling - Exciting and full of suspense.
Example: Action movies are popular for their thrilling stunts.
4. 🎥 Cinemas - Movie theaters where people watch films.
Example: Watching movies in cinemas provides a unique experience.
5. 📱 Streaming - Watching movies or shows online without downloading them.
Example: Streaming platforms like Netflix are very popular.
6. 🌟 Superhero - A fictional character with special powers.
Example: Superhero movies like Marvel films are widely loved.
7. 🔊 Sound quality - The clarity and richness of audio.
Example: Cinemas offer excellent sound quality, making movies more enjoyable.
8. 🏠 At home - In one’s own living space.
Example: Many people prefer watching movies at home for comfort.
9. 🍿 Immersive - Providing a deep and engaging experience.
Example: Cinemas create an immersive atmosphere for moviegoers.
10. 🎭 Audience - A group of people who watch or listen to something.
Example: Movies with universal themes attract a wide audience.
11. 🧨 Stunts - Dangerous or exciting actions performed in movies.
Example: Action films are loved for their jaw-dropping stunts.
12. 🖥 Platforms - Digital services for watching movies or shows.
Example: Online platforms offer endless options for movie lovers.
13. 🌅 Outdoor - Happening in open-air spaces outside.
Example: Outdoor movie nights are popular in summer.
14. 🎞 Special effects - Visual or sound effects used in movies to create illusions.
Example: Special effects make action and sci-fi movies more thrilling.
15. 💰 Affordable - Something reasonably priced and not too expensive.
Example: Streaming movies online is more affordable than going to the cinema.

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Technology

1. 💻 Digital devices – Electronic tools like smartphones, laptops, or tablets.
Ex: Digital devices have revolutionized how people access information and communicate.
2. 🌐 Internet connectivity – The ability to connect to the internet for online services.
Ex: Reliable internet connectivity is essential for remote work and online education.
3. ⚙️ Automation – The use of machines or technology to perform tasks without human intervention.
Ex: Automation has increased productivity but also reduced the need for some manual jobs.
4. 📲 Mobile applications (apps) – Software designed for smartphones or tablets.
Ex: Mobile applications have simplified tasks like shopping, banking, and learning.
5. ☁️ Cloud computing – Storing and accessing data and programs over the internet.
Ex: Cloud computing allows businesses to reduce IT infrastructure costs.
6. 🤖 Artificial intelligence (AI) – Machines programmed to mimic human intelligence.
Ex: Artificial intelligence is used in various fields, from healthcare to customer service.
7. 🔋 Renewable energy technology – Innovations that harness energy from renewable sources like solar or wind.
Ex: Renewable energy technology is crucial for reducing carbon emissions.
8. 🔒 Cybersecurity – Measures taken to protect computers and networks from attacks.
Ex: Strong cybersecurity is essential to prevent data breaches in businesses.
9. 📡 Wireless communication – Transferring information without cables, such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.
Ex: Wireless communication has made it easier to stay connected on the go.
10. 🖥 Tech-savvy – Being skilled and knowledgeable about technology.
Ex: Employers often prefer tech-savvy candidates for modern workplaces.

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Topic: Crowded places, cities

1. Will there be more or less green space in cities in the future?
I believe there will be less green space in cities in the future because urbanization is increasing rapidly. As cities grow, more land is used for buildings and infrastructure, leaving little room for parks and gardens. For instance, many cities are already replacing green areas with shopping malls and roads. However, some governments are trying to create urban parks to balance development and nature.

2. Do young people like to go to crowded places?
Yes, many young people enjoy going to crowded places because they are usually lively and entertaining. For example, concerts, shopping centers, and festivals attract young crowds looking for excitement and social interaction. These places also provide opportunities to meet new people and have fun with friends, which is appealing to the younger generation.

3. Why do people like to go to crowded places?
People like crowded places because they offer energy and excitement. For instance, markets and fairs are full of life, with food, music, and activities. Some people enjoy the sense of community and togetherness they feel in such places. Additionally, crowded places often have a variety of entertainment options, which make them attractive for families and friends.


15 Selected Words with Definitions

1. 🌳 Green space - Areas of grass, trees, or other vegetation in cities.
Example: Parks are essential green spaces in urban areas.
2. 🏙 Urbanization - The growth and expansion of cities.
Example: Rapid urbanization reduces the amount of green space.
3. 🛣 Infrastructure - Basic structures like roads, buildings, and utilities.
Example: Cities prioritize infrastructure over parks.
4. 🛍 Shopping mall - A large building with many stores and facilities.
Example: Many green areas are replaced by shopping malls.
5. 🎶 Concert - A public performance of music.
Example: Young people love to attend live concerts.
6. 🎉 Festival - A public event celebrating music, culture, or other themes.
Example: Festivals attract large crowds because of their entertainment value.
7. 🗣 Social interaction - Communication or connection with others.
Example: Crowded places encourage social interaction.
8. 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Community - A group of people who share something in common.
Example: Crowded places give people a strong sense of community.
9. 🚧 Development - The process of growth and progress in a city or area.
Example: Development often comes at the cost of natural spaces.
10. 💡 Balance - To keep two things in proper proportion.
Example: Cities should balance development and nature.
11. 🎭 Entertainment - Activities that provide enjoyment and fun.
Example: Entertainment options like concerts attract young people.
12. 🎪 Excitement - A feeling of being thrilled or enthusiastic.
Example: Crowded places offer energy and excitement.
13. 🛤 Replaced - Substituted something old with something new.
Example: Green parks are being replaced by buildings.
14. 🌟 Attractive - Pleasing or appealing.
Example: Festivals are attractive because of the variety of activities.
15. 🏞 Urban park - A large green area in a city for public use.
Example: Urban parks provide relaxation and fresh air in crowded cities.

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Work and Careers

1. 💼 Job satisfaction – The level of fulfillment a person feels in their job.
Ex: High job satisfaction often leads to better productivity and employee retention.
2. 📊 Workplace environment – The physical and social conditions where people work.
Ex: A positive workplace environment can improve employees' mental health.
3. 🕒 Work-life balance – The ability to balance work responsibilities with personal life.
Ex: Flexible hours help employees achieve a better work-life balance.
4. 👩‍💻 Freelancing – Working independently, often on short-term contracts.
Ex: Freelancing offers flexibility, but it can lack job security.
5. 🚀 Career advancement – Progression in one’s job or profession.
Ex: Employees often seek companies that provide opportunities for career advancement.
6. 💸 Salary package – The total compensation an employee receives, including pay and benefits.
Ex: A competitive salary package can attract and retain top talent.
7. 🔧 Skill set – A collection of abilities required for a specific job.
Ex: Developing a diverse skill set is crucial in a competitive job market.
8. 📈 Professional development – Activities that enhance an employee’s skills and knowledge.
Ex: Many organizations offer training programs to support professional development.
9. 🏢 Corporate culture – The shared values and practices within a company.
Ex: A strong corporate culture can boost teamwork and employee loyalty.
10. 📉 Job redundancy – Losing a job because a position is no longer necessary.
Ex: Technological advancements have led to job redundancies in some industries.

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1. 🤝 Socialize - To interact and spend time with other people.
Example: People need to socialize to build meaningful connections.
2. 🌎 Networking - Interacting with others to develop professional or social contacts.
Example: Conferences are great for networking with like-minded people.
3. 🏠 Loneliness - A feeling of being alone or isolated.
Example: Making new friends helps combat loneliness.
4. 📚 Perspective - A particular way of seeing or understanding something.
Example: Friends often provide different perspectives on life.
5. 😔 Neglect - To fail to give proper attention to something or someone.
Example: People may neglect friendships due to work stress.
6. 🚶 Distance - Physical space or emotional separation between people.
Example: Long distances often cause people to lose touch.
7. 🔄 Priorities - Things that are most important to someone.
Example: Changing priorities can impact friendships.
8. 🗓 Schedules - A planned arrangement of tasks or events.
Example: Busy schedules make it hard to meet friends regularly.
9. 🧩 Common interests - Similar hobbies or activities shared by people.
Example: Joining a hobby class helps people with common interests bond.
10. 🧠 Support - Encouragement or help provided to someone.
Example: Friends offer emotional support during tough times.
11. 🚀 Growth - The process of developing or improving oneself.
Example: New friendships contribute to personal growth.
12. 🎉 Social events - Gatherings where people meet for fun or networking.
Example: Weddings are perfect social events for meeting new people.
13. 🏙 Relocate - To move to a different place for work or living.
Example: Relocating to another city can lead to losing contact with old friends.
14. 🤷 Misunderstanding - A failure to understand something correctly.
Example: Misunderstandings can sometimes weaken strong friendships.
15. 🎭 Variety - A range of different things or experiences.
Example: Having many friends adds variety to daily life.

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Topic: Friendship

1. In what situations would people be willing to get to know new people?
People are often willing to meet new people during social events, like parties, weddings, or professional gatherings. For example, networking at conferences helps people build new connections for career growth. Similarly, travel or joining a hobby class encourages friendships because people share common interests. These situations create natural opportunities for people to interact and bond.

2. Why do people need to make new friends?
People need to make new friends to expand their social circle and feel supported. Life often brings changes, such as moving to a new city, where making friends helps combat loneliness. Additionally, new friendships bring fresh perspectives and experiences, which can help a person grow. Friends also offer emotional support during challenging times.

3. Why is it hard to maintain friendships for some people?
Maintaining friendships can be hard due to busy schedules and life responsibilities. For instance, work or family commitments often leave people with little time for socializing. Additionally, long distances or misunderstandings can cause friendships to weaken. People sometimes prioritize other areas of life, unintentionally neglecting their friends.

4. Why do people lose contact with their old friends?
People lose contact with old friends because of life changes, such as moving away or changing jobs. For example, someone who relocates for education or work may struggle to keep in touch due to distance. Another reason is that interests and priorities change over time, making it hard to maintain common ground.

5. Do you like to have many friends?
Yes, I enjoy having many friends because it makes life more enjoyable and fulfilling. With a larger group of friends, I can experience different personalities and perspectives. For example, I have friends who enjoy sports, while others prefer movies, so there’s always something fun to do. Friends add variety and support to life, which I value greatly.


15 Selected Words with Definitions

Topic Vocabulary: Education

1. 🎓 Curriculum – The subjects and content taught in a school or course.
Ex: A well-designed curriculum ensures students receive a balanced education.

2. 📈 Academic performance – How well a student performs in their studies.
Ex: Improving academic performance requires both hard work and effective teaching methods.

3. 🏫 Higher education – Education beyond high school, typically at universities or colleges.
Ex: Many students aim to pursue higher education to enhance their career prospects.

4. 💰 Tuition fees – The money students pay to attend educational institutions.
Ex: Rising tuition fees have made higher education less accessible for some families.

5. 📉 Dropout rate – The percentage of students who leave school or college before completing their studies.
Ex: A high dropout rate often reflects issues within the education system.

6. 🛠 Vocational training – Education focused on practical skills for specific jobs.
Ex: Vocational training can prepare individuals for careers in industries like construction or healthcare.

7. 💻 Distance learning – Education that takes place online or remotely rather than in a traditional classroom.
Ex: Distance learning has become more popular due to advancements in technology.

8. 🧑‍🏫 Student-centered approach – A teaching method focused on the needs and interests of students.
Ex: A student-centered approach can boost engagement and academic achievement.

9. ⚖️ Education inequality – Differences in access to quality education due to economic or social factors.
Ex: Addressing education inequality is essential for creating a fairer society.

10. 📚 Lifelong learning – The continuous pursuit of knowledge and skills throughout life.
Ex: Lifelong learning is vital in today’s fast-changing job market.

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Topic: Public place

1. Why do some people not care that their behavior disturbs people around them?

Some people don’t care because they may lack awareness or empathy. For example, they might be too focused on their own needs, like talking loudly on the phone, to notice others. Additionally, cultural differences or personal habits might make them unaware of how their actions affect others. For instance, in some cultures, public noise might be considered normal. Overall, it could be due to ignorance or self-centeredness.

2. Why do some people not care what they do in public places?

Some people don’t care because they feel that public spaces belong to everyone, so their actions don’t matter. For example, littering or playing loud music might seem insignificant to them. Others might believe they won’t face consequences for their behavior, leading to disregard for social norms. This attitude can also stem from stress or frustration, making them less mindful of their surroundings.


15 Selected Words with Definitions

1. 🧠 Awareness - Knowledge or understanding of a situation or fact.
Example: Some people lack awareness of how their behavior affects others.

2. ❤️ Empathy - The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
Example: Empathy is essential to care about others’ experiences in public places.

3. 🗣 Loudly - In a way that produces a lot of noise.
Example: Talking loudly in public can disturb others.

4. 🌍 Cultural - Related to the ideas, customs, and behaviors of a group of people.
Example: Cultural differences can explain why people behave differently in public.

5. 🤔 Ignorance - Lack of knowledge or information.
Example: Ignorance might make someone unaware of public etiquette.

6. 🌟 Self-centeredness - Thinking mainly about oneself and not others.
Example: Self-centeredness often leads to inconsiderate actions in public.

7. 🧹 Littering - Leaving trash in public places instead of disposing of it properly.
Example: Littering is a common problem caused by careless attitudes.

8. 🎵 Noise - A sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant.
Example: Excessive noise in public places can be very disturbing.

9. 💡 Consequences - Results or effects of an action or decision.
Example: Some people don’t care because they think there will be no consequences.

10. 🧘 Mindful - Being conscious or aware of something.
Example: Being mindful of others improves harmony in public spaces.

11. 🏢 Public spaces - Areas accessible to all, such as parks or streets.
Example: People often misuse public spaces because of negligence.

12. 🗑 Etiquette - Socially accepted rules for behavior.
Example: Public etiquette helps maintain peace in shared environments.

13. 😤 Frustration - Feeling annoyed or upset because of an inability to change something.
Example: Frustration can lead to careless actions in public places.

14. 🚶 Surroundings - The environment or area around someone.
Example: Being considerate of surroundings can prevent conflicts.

15. 🎭 Habits - Regular patterns of behavior.
Example: Bad habits, like littering, are hard to break without awareness.

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Topic 50: Sports games, sports stars

Many advertisers like to use sports stars' endorsements. What are the reasons?
Advertisers use sports stars' endorsements because they attract a large audience and build trust for the brand. Sports stars are seen as role models, so their approval of a product makes it more appealing to fans. For example, a famous athlete promoting a fitness drink can inspire people to buy it, associating the product with success and health. Additionally, sports stars often represent hard work and achievement, which positively reflects on the brand’s image.


1. 🌟 Endorsements - Public approval or support of something, especially by a celebrity.
2. 📈 Advertisers - Companies or individuals who promote products or services.
3. 🎯 Audience - A group of people who watch or follow something.
4. 🤝 Trust - A belief in the reliability or honesty of something or someone.
5. ⭐️ Role Models - People admired by others for their behavior or achievements.
6. 💡 Appealing - Attractive or interesting to people.
7. 🏋️ Fitness - The condition of being physically healthy and strong.
8. 🌟 Athlete - A person who is trained in sports or physical activities.
9. 🎨 Promoting - Supporting or encouraging the use of something, especially through advertising.
10. 🏆 Achievement - Something accomplished through effort or skill.
11. 💪 Inspire - To encourage someone to do or feel something positive.
12. 📜 Reflect - To show or express an image, quality, or characteristic.
13. 🏷 Brand - A company’s identity or product label.
14. 🚀 Success - The achievement of a goal or aim.
15. 🏅 Image - The perception of a person or organization in the public eye.

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Topic 49: Studying

1. Why do some people prefer to study alone?
Some people prefer to study alone because it allows them to focus better without distractions. They can set their own pace, choose their methods, and avoid unnecessary interruptions from others. For example, introverted individuals may find group settings overwhelming, so they prefer the calm of studying by themselves. Studying alone also enables one to dive deeper into topics of personal interest without compromising for a group’s preferences.

2. Do you like to learn on your own or with others?
I enjoy learning with others because it helps me exchange ideas and gain new perspectives. When studying in a group, I can discuss complex topics and clarify doubts with my peers. For instance, during group projects at university, teamwork often leads to creative solutions that I wouldn’t have thought of on my own. However, for tasks requiring concentration, I sometimes prefer studying alone.

3. Is it better to study in a group or individually?
It depends on the situation, but studying in a group is better for discussing ideas, while studying individually is ideal for focused work. For example, group study sessions are helpful before exams because members can teach each other. On the other hand, when preparing a detailed report, working alone ensures greater efficiency. Both methods have their strengths, depending on the context.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying with other people?
Studying with others offers advantages like idea sharing, motivation, and support. For example, if someone struggles with a topic, the group can help explain it. However, distractions and disagreements can arise, making it harder to focus. While group study can boost productivity, it may not suit everyone, especially those who need quiet to concentrate.

Vocabulary and Definitions
1. 🎯 Focus - To concentrate on something without being distracted.
2. 🚫 Distractions - Things that take your attention away from what you are doing.
3. 🏃 Pace - The speed at which something happens or is done.
4. 🛠 Methods - A way of doing something, often planned and systematic.
5. 😰 Overwhelming - Too much to handle or cope with, causing stress.
6. 💡 Clarify - To make something easier to understand by explaining.
7. 🌍 Perspectives - Points of view or ways of looking at things.
8. ⚙️ Efficiency - Completing tasks in the best way without wasting time or resources.
9. 📜 Context - The circumstances or setting in which something occurs.
10. 🔥 Motivation - A reason or desire to do something.
11. 🤝 Support - Help or encouragement given to someone.
12. 💪 Struggles - Difficulties or challenges faced by someone.
13. ⚡️ Disagreements - Situations where people have opposing ideas or opinions.
14. 📈 Boost - To increase or improve something.
15. 🧘 Concentrate - To focus one’s attention or mental effort on a particular activity.

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Topic 47: Rewards, shopping

1. What kind of things do children like to get as rewards?
Children often enjoy receiving toys, sweets, or time to play games as rewards. For example, a child might be motivated by a new toy car or their favorite chocolate. Rewards like stickers or certificates are also popular as they make children feel proud and appreciated.

2. What rewards can companies offer to outstanding employees?
Companies can offer rewards such as bonuses, promotions, or extra vacation days to outstanding employees. For instance, a financial bonus or gift card can motivate workers, while promotions recognize their efforts and encourage long-term loyalty. Personalized rewards like flexible working hours can also be effective.

3. How should bosses reward employees?
Bosses should reward employees by combining monetary and non-monetary incentives. For example, a salary increase or bonus shows appreciation for hard work, while public recognition, such as an employee of the month award, boosts morale. Ensuring fairness and tailoring rewards to individual preferences is important.

4. What are the benefits and drawbacks of consumerism (shopping) for a country's economy?
Consumerism boosts the economy by increasing demand for goods and services, which creates jobs and raises tax revenue. However, it can lead to environmental issues and waste due to overproduction and overconsumption. For instance, while shopping drives growth, excessive consumerism can strain natural resources and harm sustainability.

15 Selected Vocabulary Words with Emojis

1. 🎁 Rewards – Items or privileges given as recognition for good behavior or performance.
2. 🍬 Sweets – Candies or treats that children enjoy as rewards.
3. 🎮 Games – Activities or video games that children love as a form of entertainment or reward.
4. 🏅 Certificates – Official documents given to recognize achievement or excellence.
5. 💵 Bonuses – Extra money given as a reward for exceptional work.
6. 🎉 Promotions – Advancements in position or rank within a company.
7. 🛏 Vacation days – Paid days off from work, often given as a reward.
8. 🕒 Flexible working hours – A schedule that allows employees to choose when they work, promoting work-life balance.
9. 🏆 Employee of the Month – An award recognizing an individual for outstanding work.
10. 🏭 Demand for goods – The desire for products that drives production and economic growth.
11. 🌍 Environmental issues – Problems affecting the planet, such as pollution or resource depletion.
12. ♻️ Sustainability – The practice of using resources responsibly to ensure long-term balance.
13. 💼 Job creation – The process of providing new employment opportunities.
14. 🛒 Consumerism – The focus on buying and owning goods, often tied to economic growth.
15. 🎯 Incentives – Motivations or rewards designed to encourage specific behaviors or actions.

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Topic 46: Photos

1. Is it easier to take pictures now than in the past?
Yes, it is much easier to take pictures now due to advancements in smartphone technology. Modern phones have high-quality cameras that are easy to use, making photography accessible to everyone. In the past, people needed professional equipment or film cameras, which required more time and effort.

2. Is it difficult for people to learn how to make good photos?
No, it is not very difficult to learn how to take good photos because of the availability of online tutorials and automatic camera settings. For example, smartphones have features like filters and editing tools that help beginners improve their photography skills. With a little practice, anyone can capture great pictures.

3. Do people in your country like to take photos?
Yes, people in my country love taking photos, especially during special occasions and while traveling. For example, weddings, cultural festivals, and natural landscapes are popular subjects. Sharing photos on social media has also increased people’s interest in photography.

4. Why do people take photos?
People take photos to preserve memories, express creativity, or document important events. For instance, they might photograph family gatherings or capture stunning sunsets to remember later. Photos allow people to relive happy moments and share their experiences with others.

5. Is it a waste of time to take pictures with mobile phones?
No, taking pictures with mobile phones is not a waste of time because it helps people capture important moments quickly. Phones are portable and always available, making them convenient for everyday photography. It’s a practical way to document life without needing professional equipment.

6. What do people use to take photos these days, cameras or phones?
These days, most people use phones to take photos because they are more convenient and always accessible. However, professional photographers or hobbyists still prefer cameras for higher quality and advanced features. Smartphones are ideal for casual use, while cameras are chosen for detailed photography.

15 Selected Vocabulary Words with Emojis

1. 📱 Smartphones – Mobile devices with built-in cameras and features for photography.
2. 📷 Cameras – Devices specifically designed to capture photographs.
3. 🌅 Natural landscapes – Outdoor scenes like mountains, beaches, or forests often photographed.
4. 🎉 Special occasions – Events such as weddings or festivals where people take many photos.
5. 🖼 Photography – The art or practice of taking and processing pictures.
6. ✨ Filters – Digital effects added to photos to enhance their appearance.
7. 🛠 Editing tools – Software or apps used to improve photo quality or add effects.
8. 🎓 Online tutorials – Lessons available on the internet to teach photography or other skills.
9. 🌍 Social media – Platforms like Instagram or Facebook where people share photos.
10. 📸 High-quality cameras – Cameras capable of capturing sharp and detailed images.
11. ⏳ Preserve memories – Keeping moments alive through photos for future reflection.
12. 🎨 Creativity – The use of imagination to create something, such as artistic photographs.
13. 🎯 Convenient – Easy and practical to use, like mobile phones for photography.
14. 🏞 Travel photography – Taking pictures while exploring new places or during vacations.
15. 🕊 Casual use – Non-professional or everyday use, such as taking selfies or quick snaps.

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Topic 45: Learning new things

1. What skills do adults need to have?
Adults need practical skills like communication, time management, and financial planning to handle daily responsibilities effectively. For example, good communication skills are essential for building strong relationships at work and in personal life. Additionally, financial planning ensures stability by helping individuals budget and save for the future.

2. What skills are important for success?
Skills like problem-solving, adaptability, and teamwork are crucial for success in any field. For instance, adaptability allows individuals to handle unexpected challenges, while teamwork promotes collaboration and efficiency in achieving goals. These skills help people grow both professionally and personally.

15 Selected Vocabulary Words with Emojis

1. 🗣 Communication skills – The ability to convey ideas and information clearly and effectively.
2. ⏳ Time management – The skill of organizing and planning time to maximize productivity.
3. 💵 Financial planning – The process of managing money, including budgeting and saving.
4. 🤝 Teamwork – The ability to work well with others to achieve a common goal.
5. 🔄 Adaptability – The capacity to adjust to new conditions or challenges.
6. 💡 Problem-solving – The skill of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
7. 🎯 Goal setting – The ability to set and work toward specific objectives.
8. 📊 Budgeting – Creating a plan to manage income and expenses effectively.
9. 🌟 Professional growth – The process of improving skills and advancing in one’s career.
10. 🤗 Personal development – Activities that improve self-awareness and abilities.
11. 📚 Learning – The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study or experience.
12. 🧘 Stress management – Techniques to reduce and handle stress effectively.
13. 👩‍💼 Leadership – The ability to guide and inspire others toward achieving goals.
14. 🧠 Critical thinking – The ability to analyze and evaluate information for better decision-making.
15. 🔧 Practical skills – Everyday abilities that help individuals manage tasks and responsibilities.

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Topic 44: Taking photos

1. Who would like to take photos more often, young people or older people?
Young people are more likely to take photos because they are tech-savvy and use social media frequently. For example, they enjoy sharing pictures of their daily lives or travels on platforms like Instagram. Older people might take fewer photos, often focusing on special occasions or family events.

2. Where do people like to take photos?
People like to take photos in scenic places such as parks, beaches, and historical landmarks. For example, tourists often capture photos in front of famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower. Additionally, people take pictures at personal events like weddings or birthday parties to preserve memories.

3. Do you like to take photos?
Yes, I enjoy taking photos because it allows me to capture special moments and beautiful scenery. For example, I often take pictures during my travels to remember the places I’ve visited. Photography is also a creative outlet that helps me express myself.

4. Do you think being a professional photographer is a good job?
Yes, being a professional photographer is a good job because it combines creativity and passion with financial opportunities. For instance, photographers can work in various fields like fashion, events, or wildlife photography. However, it requires dedication and skill to succeed in this competitive industry.

15 Selected Vocabulary Words with Emojis

1. 📸 Photography – The art or practice of taking and processing photographs.
2. 🌐 Social media – Online platforms where people share photos and other content, such as Instagram or Facebook.
3. 🌅 Scenic – Beautiful or picturesque, often referring to landscapes.
4. 🏛 Landmarks – Famous buildings or monuments that attract tourists.
5. 🎉 Special occasions – Events like weddings, birthdays, or anniversaries.
6. 🖼 Memories – Mental recollections or physical reminders, such as photos, of past events.
7. ✈️ Travel – Going to different places for leisure or work, often associated with taking photos.
8. 🎨 Creative outlet – A way to express artistic ideas, such as through photography or painting.
9. 📷 Professional photographer – Someone who earns a living by taking photographs.
10. 🐾 Wildlife photography – Capturing images of animals in their natural habitats.
11. 👰 Events – Organized occasions, such as weddings or parties, often involving photography.
12. 💼 Career opportunities – Potential jobs or fields where people can work and earn money.
13. 🎯 Dedication – Commitment and effort toward achieving a goal or skill.
14. 🎭 Passion – Strong enthusiasm or love for an activity or job.
15. 🤳 Tech-savvy – Being skilled at using technology, especially devices like smartphones or cameras.

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