1) Western (adjective)
Definition: Referring to the direction or region in the west.
Translation: G‘arbiy
Example: On the outer western wall, the archaeologists uncovered a number of foundation stones.

2) Made out to be (phrase)
Definition: Perceived or presented as something, often implying that it might not be accurate or true.
Translation: deb ko‘rsatilmoq, deb hisoblanmoq
Example: On one is carved what the archaeologists made out to be a Latin inscription.

3) Century (noun)
Definition: A period of 100 years.
Translation: Asr
Example: The stone has endured centuries of erosion.

4) Work out (phrasal verb)
Definition: To understand something by thinking or calculating.
Translation: topmoq, tushunmoq
Example: The team has yet to work out what it says.

5) Section (noun)
Definition: A part or piece of something.
Translation: Qism, bo‘lak
Example: Another find was a section of traditional Roman mosaic.

6) Mosaic (noun)
Definition: A picture or pattern made from small pieces of colored stone or glass.
Translation: Mozaika, kichik parchalardan yasalgan naqsh
Example: The team uncovered a section of traditional Roman mosaic.

7) Incomplete (adjective)
Definition: Not finished or lacking parts.
Translation: To‘liq bo‘lmagan, mukammal emas
Example: The mosaic was incomplete but showed a geometrical pattern.

8) Enough (adjective/adverb)
Definition: As much as needed.
Translation: Yetarli
Example: Enough pieces remain to show a geometrical pattern.

9) Pattern (noun)
Definition: A repeated decorative design.
Translation: Naqsh, shakl, bezak
Example: The mosaic showed a geometrical pattern.

10) Stylised (adjective)
Definition: Shown in a simplified or artistic way.
Translation: noreal uslubda yaratilgan
Example: The mosaic had a stylised design.

11) Villa (noun)
Definition: A large house in the countryside or near the sea.
Translation: Vila, dacha
Example: Durrand assumes that a bathhouse would have been part of the villa.

12) Crumble (verb)
Definition: To break into small pieces.
Translation: ko‘chib tushmoq, maydalanib ketmoq
Example: Much of the system has long since crumbled at Hensham.

13) Hypocaust (noun)
Definition: An ancient Roman heating system using hot air beneath the floor.
Translation: pol tagidan isitish tizimi
Example: The heating system would have been based on a typical Roman hypocaust.

14) Furnace (noun)
Definition: A structure for producing high heat.
Translation: Pech, o‘txona
Example: The furnace produced the hot air needed to be kept burning all the time.

15) Burn (verb)
Definition: To produce heat or flames.
Translation: Yonmoq
Example: The furnace needed to be kept burning all the time.

16) Fall to (phrasal verb)
Definition: To become the responsibility of someone.
Translation: yelkasiga tushmoq, majburiyati bo‘lmoq
Example: The task would have fallen to the villa’s slaves.

17) Underfloor (adjective)
Definition: Located beneath the floor.
Translation: Pol ostidagi
Example: The underfloor space was made by setting the floor on top of piles of square stones.

18) Gap (noun)
Definition: An empty space or opening.
Translation: Bo‘shliq, bo‘sh joy
Example: The gap meant that the hot air could flow freely under the floor.

19) Mean (verb)
Definition: To indicate or result in a particular situation or effect.
Translation: Sabab bo‘lmoq; anglatmoq
Example: This created gaps that meant the hot air could flow freely under the floor.

20) Solid (adjective)
Definition: Strong and not easily broken.
Translation: Mustahkam, pishiq
Example: The structure became more solid with a layer of concrete.

21) Brick (noun)
Definition: A block of baked clay used for building.
Translation: G‘isht
Example: The walls above the heating system were made of bricks.

22) Key point (noun)
Definition: The most important part of something.
Translation: muhim jihat
Example: The key point was that the walls were hollow to allow heat to rise.

23) Preservation (noun)
Definition: The process of keeping something in its original state.
Translation: Saqlash, asrash
Example: Some items are now undergoing preservation treatment.